Kultur Apeks untuk Penyediaan Bibit Unggul Tebu Varietas PS864 dan PS881

Abstract

In vitro culture techniques have become alternative to help overcome the problems those are often encountered in the provision of seeds through conventional means. Micropropagation through apex culture in sugarcane has several advantages, such as the produced plants have higher genetic stability, high multiplication rate, and more healthy seeds (especially virus-free)., The aims of the the research were to produce seeds of two varieties of sugarcane, namely PS864 and PS881, through apex culture. Laboratory-scale research was conducted at the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), Bogor, while sowing seeds nursery was done in the Experimental Station of Gowa, South Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology. The experiments consisted of initiation and regeneration of apexes, shoots multiplication, rooting induction, and acclimatization of plantlets. Research results showed the initiation and regeneration of PS864 and PS881 through apex culture could be done on MS basic medium containing 0.5 mg/l BAP. Shoot proliferation of both varieties increased in the second subculture. Addition of 1 mg/l BAP into medium in the second subculture resulted in higher average number of shoots than that of 5 mg/l BAP, both for PS864 and PS881. Addition of 1 mg/l and 5 mg/l kinetin showed no significant differences for shoot numbers compared to that of PS864 in medium containing 1 mg/l BAP. The average number of PS881 shoots in multiplication media containing 5 mg/l kinetin was higher than that of 1 mg/l kinetin. Increased concentrations of NAA and IBA from 0.1 mg/l to 0.5 mg/l in the MS medium were correlated to the increased number of roots in PS864 shoots. Meanwhile, only increased concentration of NAA that affected rooting percentage of PS881. Acclimatization showed the percentage of the plantlets grown in polybags was higher than that directly grown in planting bed. The primary seeds (G0) produced in these experiments were ready to be reproduced again to obtain further stages.