Dietary nutrient allocation to somatic tissue synthesis in emerging subimago freshwater mayfly Ephemera danica

Abstract

Background: The relative importance of nutrients derived from different sources for tissue synthesis is crucial for predicting a species responds to changes in food availability. The ecological and physiological strategies that govern the incorporation and routing of nutrients for reproduction are often well understood. However, the role and adaptive value of both species and individual variation during early life-stage remain elusive. In freshwater systems, dietary nutrient allocation to somatic tissue should be favoured when dietary source peaks and resource limitation may hinder flexible resource allocation. We used carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) to examine metabolic nutrient routing and resource allocation from four dietary sources used to biosynthesize three somatic tissues of emerging subimago Ephemera danica. Aquatic emerging insects, such as the mayfly E. danica, are well suited for such studies. This is because, while burrowing nymph phase is a detritivores feeders with several early life-stages of metamorphosis, adult insects do not feed during this period but do utilize energy. Results: Constructed models to predict percent proportional contribution of source to tissue showed that terrestrial detritus was the dominant nutrient source for abdomen, head and wing with mean values of 57%, 65% and 73%, respectively. There was evidence for differential resource allocation, as insect partitioned periphyton and sediment (but also seston) elements for tissue synthesis. Utilizing individual-specimen based relationship in isotope value; we derived tissue specific isotopic niche estimates, for the different tissue-source combinations. Conclusions: Results indicate that tissue selection is crucial for isotopic ecological measurements in arthropods. Mayfly has long been used as bio-indicator of freshwater ecosystems and their larvae show rapid response to environmental changes. In light of the recent evidence of drastic reduction in flying insect mass in Germany, developing a system using isotopic tools to trace nutrient flow in this important taxon will assist conservation and management efforts.