Ecosystem Services in Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Production System in the District of West Bandung, West Java: The Community Structure and Diversity of "direct and Indirect" Pollinator Insects

Abstract

Many biological production systems depend on regulating services performed by insects for economic benefits, and coffee (Coffea arabica L.) production system is one of them. On the other hand, coffee plantation makes a good habitat for insects communities, especially direct and indirect pollinator insects. A study focused on the community structure and the diversity of "direct and indirect"pollinator insects has been carried out in coffee plantation located in West Bandung Regency, West Java. The main objectives of the study were to elucidate pollinator insect community's structure, diversity, and relationship between insects distribution along some measured environmental factors. A field survey combining a number of transects and sampling techniques were performed using netting, pan traps, and Malaise traps. Fifty species of 30 families and four ordersofinsects directly and indirectly involved in flower pollinationwere identified. The Diversity and Species Richness Indices indicatedhigh value (H′ = 3,30; R=8,18). Species Evenness Indexshowed an evenly distributed species (E′ = 0,84);Species Similarity Index showed a moderate diversity (Cs=0,58). The ordination analysis suggested that some abiotic parameters such as altitude, wind, air temperature, air humidity, and light intensity were importantenvironmental factors affecting the occurrence of pollinator insects in coffee plantation.