Immunotherapy for melanoma

Abstract

Background: Immunotherapy for cancers is based on the principle that the host's immune system is capable of generating immune responses against tumor cells. Currently available treatments for melanoma patients are limited by poor response rates. Interferon-α has been approved for adjuvant treatment of stage III melanoma with improved survival. New and more innovative approaches with improved efficacy are needed. Methods: We reviewed the various new approaches and strategies for immunotherapy for the treatment of melanoma. Results: Immunotherapy for melanoma includes a number of different strategies with vaccines utilizing whole cell tumors, peptides, cytokine-mediated dendritic cells, DNA and RNA, and antibodies. Conclusions: A variety of approaches can be used to enhance immune reactivity in patients with melanoma. Preclinical studies and initial clinical trials have shown promising results. Additional clinical trials are currently ongoing to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the associated toxicities of these novel treatment strategies.