Le bissap (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.): Composition et principales utilisations

Abstract

Introduction. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a herbaceous plant, cultivated largely in tropical and subtropical areas of both hemispheres. This plant is used for its fibre; mainly for its calyx, which is of three types: green, red and dark red. Composition. The red calyxes are the most used and are characterised by their concentration of anthocyanin, which can reach 1.5 g·kg-1 of dry matter. Delphinidin 3-sambubioside and cyanidin 3-sambubioside are the major anthocyanins with, respectively, (71 and 29)% of total anthocyanins. Organic acids, minerals and amino acids are present in the calyx, leaves and seeds of H. sabdariffa at variable levels depending on the variety and geographical area. Uses. The uses of different parts of H. sabdariffa are many and varied both in food and in traditional medicine. The calyx, with high concentration of acids, vitamin C and especially anthocyanins, is the most used part of the plant. It is mainly used for the production of soft drinks and tonic without alcohol. The seeds of H. sabdariffa, with their richness in protein (26%), fat (20%) and total sugars (40%), are widely used in the diet in many African countries. The leaves are a good source of nutrients and are used in Africa in the preparation of sauces. © 2009 Cirad/EDP Sciences.