Chronic respiratory disease among women in India: district-wise geospatial distribution and influencing factors

Abstract

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are one of the major noncommunicable diseases, which affect adult women more than men, especially in a lower-middle-income country like India. The study was aimed to understand the district-wise prevalence and spatial distribution of CRDs among reproductive women and to reveal the significant influencing factors of the disease in India. The study was executed based on the data from the Indian fifth NFHS (2019–2021). Descriptive statistics, spatial mapping, and non-parametric statistical analysis have been executed in this study. The study results reflect that the prevalence of women having CRDs is found mainly in the districts of the northeast, east, and southeast parts. There is an association between CRDs with age, women’s smoking habits, currently have diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, and the kitchen without ventilation. We hope this work will add new facts and findings to the issue. It will guide policymakers in adopting and implementing proper local, regional, and national-level policies that consider the deprived districts and raise awareness about improving women’s health by controlling the CRD burden.