A novel approach for joint line restoration in revision total ankle arthroplasty based on the three-dimensional registration of the contralateral tibia and fibula

Abstract

Purpose: The use of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is increasing over time, as so will the need for revision TAAs in the future. Restoration of the ankle joint line (JL) in revision TAA is often difficult due to severe bone loss. This study analyzed the accuracy of a three-dimensional (3D) registration of the contralateral tibia and fibula to restore the ankle joint line (JL) and reported side-to-side differences of anatomical landmarks. Methods: 3D triangular surface models of 96 paired lower legs underwent a surface registration algorithm for superimposition of the mirrored contralateral lower leg onto the original lower leg to approximate the original ankle JL using a proximal, middle and distal segment. Distances of the distal fibular tip, anterior and posterior medial colliculus to the JL were measured and absolute side-to-side differences reported. Anterior lateral distal tibial angle (ADTA) and lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA) were measured. Results: Mean JL approximation was most accurate for the distal segment (0.1 ± 1.4 mm (range: -3.4 to 2.8 mm)) and middle segment (0.1 ± 1.2 mm (range: -2.8 to 2.5 mm)) compared to the proximal segment (-0.2 ± 1.6 mm (range: -3.0 to 4.9 mm)) (p = 0.007). Distance of the distal fibular tip, the anterior, and posterior medial colliculus to the JL, ADTA and LDTA yielded no significant side-to-side differences (n.s.). Conclusion: 3D registration of the contralateral tibia and fibula reliably approximated the original ankle JL. The contralateral distal fibular tip, anterior and posterior medial colliculi, ADTA and LDTA can be used reliably for the planning of revision TAA with small side-to-side differences reported. Level of Evidence: IV.