Comparison of fibroblast growth factor 19 concentrations between dogs with and without gallbladder mucoceles

Abstract

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is an enterohepatic hormone the synthesis of which is stimulated by bile acid activation of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in ileal enterocytes. Increased production of FGF19 downregulates hepatocyte bile acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis, while concurrently upregulating hepatocyte glycogenesis and gallbladder (GB) filling. The physiologic impact of this regulatory cycle is illustrated in cholecystectomized humans, in whom the disturbed meal-related flux of GB bile decreases serum FGF19 concentrations. Objective: Determine if serum FGF19 concentrations are lower in dogs with clinical GB mucoceles (GBMs) than in control dogs. Animals: Seven dogs with GBM diagnosed using abdominal ultrasonography, biochemical markers, and GB histopathology. Forty-two control dogs without gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary disorders also were evaluated. Health status of controls was assessed by physical examination and diagnostic hematologic and biochemical test results. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study to compare fasting plasma or serum FGF19 concentrations between groups. Concentrations of FGF19 were quantified by a commercially available FGF19 ELISA. Results: Concentrations of FGF19 were significantly lower in dogs with clinical GBM (median, 14.0 pg/mL; range, 12.8-67.2) than in control dogs (median, 145.3 pg/mL; range, 36.5-285.1). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In dogs, GBM is associated with significantly decreased serum FGF19 concentrations. We speculate that this finding reflects compromised GB contraction and decreased enterohepatic circulation of bile flow. Subnormal FGF19 concentrations may influence bile acid synthesis and hepatic metabolism.