Biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate with TiO2 nanoparticles on human gingival fibroblasts

Abstract

Background: New compositions of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) or use of various additives like nanoparticles might affect MTA's ideal characteristics This study was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of WMTA and WMTA with Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (1% weight ratio) at different storage times after mixing on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Material and Methods: HGFs were obtained from the attached gingiva of human premolars. HGFs were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, penicillin and streptomycin. The cells were exposed to WMTA (groups 1 and 2) and WMTA+TiO2 (groups 3 and 4). The fifth and sixth groups served as controls. Each group contained 15 wells. After 24h (groups 1, 3 and 5) and 48 h (groups 2, 4 and 6) of exposure, HGF viability was determined by Mosmann's tetrazolium toxicity (MTT) assay. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test, with significance of p < 0.05. Results: With both materials, the viability of HGFs significantly decrased with increasing the incubation time from 24h to 48 h (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the materials regarding HGF viability (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Under the limitations of the present study, incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles into MTA at 1 wt% had no negative effect on its biocompatibility.