Air-polishing technology is an effective alternative chairside method for cleaning dentures

Abstract

Aims: To investigate the efficiency and abrasiveness of air-polishing on different types of denture base acrylic resins and whether air-polishing can be an effective technique to clean dentures chairside. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 specimens were prepared (n = 20/group); heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (G1), subtractive manufacturing (SM) (G2) and additive manufacturing (AM) denture base resins (G3). Equal number of specimens in each group were stained with permanent marker or nail polish and pumice mixture to mimic calcified biofilm. All specimens were treated using EMS Airflow® Prophylaxis Master with two different powders; erythritol or sodium bicarbonate powder, following manufacturer instructions. Efficacy of the powders and surface roughness of the specimens were measured. Scanning electron microscopy imaging was captured for qualitative observation. Results: The highest efficacy for stain removal was found in erythritol powder on G1 (98.06% ± 1.304%). The lowest was found in the erythritol powder on G3 (91.83% ± 3.611%). The highest efficacy for biofilm removal was found in sodium bicarbonate powder on G3 (71.49% ± 8.607%), and the lowest was found in erythritol powder on G2 (11.64% ± 4.68%). Only AM resins had statistically significant increases in surface roughness with the use of erythritol powder (p < 0.001). The use of sodium bicarbonate powder significantly increases surface roughness of heat-polymerized (p < 0.025) and AM resins (p < 0.724). Conclusions: Air-polishing technology has shown to be effective and suitable for cleaning dentures. The sodium bicarbonate powder showed superior efficacy in cleaning dentures compared to the erythritol powder. Both powders show varyingly increase roughness depending on denture resin.