Identification and Analysis of Relationship Several Local Promising Clones Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) based on morphological Characters in South Sulawesi

Abstract

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the agricultural products that have an important role in achieving reliable and agricultural development programs. This study aimed to identify morphological characters and phylogenetic relationship of seven local cocoa clones expectations developed in Luwu Timur, Pinrang, and Bantaeng. Seven clones of cocoa were observed Clones: (1) PBC 123, (2) BR 25 (3) 45 (4) M 01, (5) M 04, (6) M 06, and (7) GTB. This study used the survey method. Observation of morphological characters is presented in the form of descriptions, images, and scoring then analyzed using a 2:02 version NYSys program (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis systems) and clustering using the UPGMA method (Unweighted Pair-Group Method with arithmetic averaging). The results showed similarity coefficient ranged from 0.17 to 0.68. The highest similarity coefficient is owned by a combination of BR clone 25 and clone 45 which is 0.68 (68%) or the nearest genetic distance of 0.32 (32%), while the lowest is owned by a combination of PBC Clone 123 and Clone AD 04, namely 0.17 (17 %) or farthest genetic distance of 0.83 (83%). While the average index of similarity of all clones was 0.41 (41%) is relatively low. Kinship patterns on dendogram form two main groups on the genetic similarity of 0.46 is the group A consisting of five clones (PBC 123, BR 25, 45, M 06, and GTB), and group B consists of two clones (M 01 and M 04). 32 (32%), while the lowest is owned by a combination of PBC Clone 123 and Clone AD 04 that is 0.17 (17%) or farthest genetic distance of 0.83 (83%). While the average index of similarity of all clones was 0.41 (41%) is relatively low. Kinship patterns on dendogram form two main groups on the genetic similarity of 0.46 is the group A consisting of five clones (PBC 123, BR 25, 45, M 06, and GTB), and group B consists of two clones (M 01 and M 04). 32 (32%), while the lowest is owned by a combination of PBC Clone 123 and Clone AD 04 that is 0.17 (17%) or farthest genetic distance of 0.83 (83%). While the average index of similarity of all clones was 0.41 (41%) is relatively low. Kinship patterns on dendogram form two main groups on the genetic similarity of 0.46 is the group A consisting of five clones (PBC 123, BR 25, 45, M 06, and GTB), and group B consists of two clones (M 01 and M 04).