Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Bronchiectasis: A Narrative Review of Current Status and Future

Abstract

Background and Aims: Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection and bronchiectasis are two distinct respiratory conditions, but bronchiectasis and pulmonary NTM infections are closely associated. NTM can cause bronchiectasis. However, bronchiectasis can create a favorable environment for NTM colonization and exacerbate the progression of NTM. Managing both conditions typically requires a comprehensive approach that addresses infection and the underlying structural lung damage. Methods: To perform this review, the author retrieved and assessed relevant articles related to NTM and bronchiectasis that have been published to date from databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results: In this review, the close relationship between pulmonary NTM and bronchiectasis is described from the viewpoints of diagnosis, epidemiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, host susceptibility, females and NTM, and treatment. Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and management of NTM infections, especially in individuals with underlying risk factors, are essential to prevent disease progression and improve the quality of life of affected individuals.