Nomogram models predicting prognosis for patients with t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia: a SEER-based study

Abstract

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) manifests as a diverse hematological malignancy. Although it was categorized into a favorable subtype, 30–40% of patients experience relapse. The objective of this research was to devise a nomogram for the accurate anticipation of both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in t(8;21) AML. Methods: From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, individuals diagnosed with t(8;21) AML from 2000 to 2018 were selected. Prognostic factors for t(8;21) AML were identified using Cox regression analysis and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), forming the basis for constructing prognostic nomograms. Results: Key variables, including first primary tumor, age group, race, and chemotherapy, were identified and integrated into the nomogram. The C-index values for the nomograms predicting OS and CSS were 0.753 (validation: 0.765) and 0.764 (validation: 0.757), respectively. Ultimately, based on nomogram scores, patients were stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups, revealing significant disparities in both OS and CSS between these groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study innovatively crafted nomograms, incorporating clinical and therapeutic variables, to forecast the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for individuals with t(8;21) AML.