Brush, byte, and bot: quality comparison of artificial intelligence-generated pediatric dental advice across ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot

Abstract

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot are increasingly relied upon by parents for immediate guidance on pediatric dental concerns. This study evaluated and compared the response quality of these AI platforms in addressing real-world parental queries related to pediatric dentistry, including early tooth extraction, space maintenance, and the decision to consult a pediatric or a general dentist. Methods: A structured 30-question survey was developed and submitted to each AI model, and their responses were anonymized and assessed by pediatric dental experts using a standardized rubric across five key domains: clinical accuracy, clarity, completeness, relevance, and absence of misleading information. Results: Statistically significant differences were found across all five domains (p