Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ranolazine on primary cultured astrocytes

Abstract

Introduction Because of its ability to block late INa [1], ranolazine is used as an antianginal agent for the treatment of chronic angina pectoris when angina is not adequately controlled by other agents [2]. Besides its cardiovascular effects, ranolazine improves different neuronal functions, and thus its use has been proposed for the treatment of pain and epileptic disorders [3,4]. Since astrocytes are involved in neuronal inflammatory processes, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases [5], we have investigated the antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of ranolazine in primary cultured astrocytes. Methods We incubated differentiated rat astrocytes in primary culture (10 days of culture) [5] for 24 hours with ranolazine (10-5, 10-6, 10-7 M). We measured the protein expression levels of PPARγ and Cu/Zn-SOD by western blot technique. Protective effect of ranolazine on cell viability was assayed using MTT conversion assay. Finally, to evaluate the effect of ranolazine on the IL-1β cytokine and TNFα mediators, we used the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results Compared with control cells, treatment with ranolazine induced an increment of anti-inflammatory PPARγ and reduced the proinflammatory mediators IL-1β and TNFα in primary cultured astrocytes. Ranolazine (10-6 M) also increased the expression of antioxidant protein Cu/Zn-SOD and caused a significant increase in cell viability. Conclusion Ranolazine decreases inflammatory mediators IL-1β and TNFα, and increases anti-inflammatory PPARγ as well as the antioxidant Cu/Zn-SOD in astrocytes in culture. These results suggest that ranolazine could be useful as a neuroprotective drug in pathologies inducing inflammatory damage and oxidant processes.