Safer at school? Experiences of families on school closure during COVID-19 in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to widespread closures of learning institutions globally. In informal settlements, unique and multifaceted challenges were encountered. This article examines the specific challenges faced by families following school closures due to COVID-19 in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: Qualitative data were collected in December 2020. In-depth interviews with 30 household heads and 15 community representatives were conducted. Responses were recorded, transcribed and reviewed. Thematic analysis identified four major themes: strain on food and economic consequences, increased risk of teen pregnancy and exploitation, gaps in childcare and supervision and educational disruption and increased dropout risk. Results: School closures during COVID-19 not only disrupted education but also exacerbated food insecurity and economic strain, as families lost access to school feeding programs and experienced reduced incomes. Limited supervision of children increased their exposure to risky behaviours, while vulnerable groups, particularly girls, faced heightened risks of exploitation and teen pregnancy. Educational disruptions further worsened the situation, with many students, especially girls, at risk of permanently dropping out. Conclusions: The findings highlight the critical role of schools in marginalized communities and suggest the need for targeted support and inclusive educational policies that address the needs of informal settlement residents during periods of pandemic vulnerability.