Finding Excited-State Minimum Energy Crossing Points on a Budget: Non-Self-Consistent Tight-Binding Methods

Abstract

The automated exploration and identification of minimum energy conical intersections (MECIs) is a valuable computational strategy for the study of photochemical processes. Due to the immense computational effort involved in calculating non-adiabatic derivative coupling vectors, simplifications have been introduced focusing instead on minimum energy crossing points (MECPs), where promising attempts were made with semiempirical quantum mechanical methods. A simplified treatment for describing crossing points between almost arbitrary diabatic states based on a non-self-consistent extended tight-binding method, GFN0-xTB, is presented. Involving only a single diagonalization of the Hamiltonian, the method can provide energies and gradients for multiple electronic states, which can be used in a derivative coupling-vector-free scheme to calculate MECPs. By comparison with high-lying MECIs of benchmark systems, it is demonstrated that the identified geometries are good starting points for further MECI refinement with ab initio methods.