Description of child and adolescent beverage and anthropometric measures according to adolescent beverage patterns

Abstract

Our objective is to retrospectively describe longitudinal beverage intakes and anthropometric measures according to adolescent beverage patterns. Data were collected from Iowa Fluoride Study participants (n = 369) using beverage questionnaires at ages 2–17 years. Weight and height were measured at ages 5, 9, 13 and 17 years. Cluster analyses were used to identify age 13-to 17-year beverage patterns. Treating age and beverage cluster as explanatory factors, sex-specific generalized linear mixed models were used to identify when differences in beverage intakes and anthropometric measures began. Predominant beverage intakes were higher in each of the corresponding clusters by 9–12.5 years; females with high milk intakes during adolescence and males with high 100% juice or sugar-sweetened beverage intakes during adolescence reported higher intakes of that beverage beginning at 2–4.7 years. Females and males in the 100% juice cluster had lower weights than other clusters beginning at 13 years, while females and males in the neutral cluster were shorter beginning at 13 years. Females in the water/sugar-free beverage cluster had higher body mass indices (BMIs) beginning at 9 years. Females and males in the 100% juice cluster had lower BMIs beginning at 5 and 9 years, respectively. Childhood beverage intakes and growth patterns differ according to adolescent beverage patterns.