Relación del desarrollo cognitivo con el clima familiar y el estrés de la crianza

Abstract

Se llevo a cabo un estudio con 120 familias en pobreza extrema de las zonas marginales de Hermosillo, Sonora México. Madres de 32 años en promedio respondieron a una escala de funcionamiento familiar, estrés de la crianza y sus niños fueron medidos en desarrollo cognitivo. El objetivo fue evaluar las diferencias significativas entre los tres tipos de familias en su desarrollo cognitivo, el estrés de la crianza y el clima familiar. Se clasificaron las familias en base a la medida de clima familiar con un análisis de conglomerados (clusters). Los resultados indican: a) tres tipos de climas, que etiquetamos como, disciplinado, cohesionado y sin orientación; b) clima sin orientación se asocia a una percepción negativa del niño y de restricciones por la maternidad y presentan las medias mas bajas de desarrollo cognitivo; c) el clima cohesivo se asocia con menos estrés en la madre por la crianza y los puntajes mas alto de desarrollo cognitivo.A study was performed over 120 families located in the marginal areas of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Mothers whose age averaged 32 years old responded to a scale of family performance and childrearing stress; their children were measured throughout cognitive development. This study was aimed to evaluate significant differences with regards to cognitive development, child-rearing stress and family environment among the three types of family. The families were classified based on a measurement of family environment with a cluster analysis. Consequently, the results indicate the following: a) Three different types of environment, which were labeled as disciplined, in harmony and without direction; b) the environment without direction becomes associated to a negative perception of the child and motherhood restrictions, resulting with the lowest average of cognitive development, thus; c) the cohesive environment becomes associated with a lower level of stress in the mother induced by child-rearing and with the highest records of cognitive development.