Self-Determination Theory in Return to Work Interventions: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Self-Determination Theory (SDT) posits that satisfying the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness enhances motivation, which may influence return to work (RTW) outcomes. However, its specific impact on RTW remains unclear, warranting further investigation.Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO up to September 2025 for studies examining SDT constructs in RTW contexts. Eleven studies met with inclusion, covering diverse work disability populations. Evidence suggests that greater SDT need satisfaction is associated with higher quality motivation and more sustained RTW engagement, potentially reducing RTW duration and improving employment stability. SDT-informed interventions appear to promote need satisfaction and motivational internalization, with Motivational Interviewing and SDT-aligned tele-rehabilitation or organizational supports identified as common effective components. Our findings support SDT as a coherent framework for understanding RTW dynamics and imply that SDT-guided interventions may enhance vocational rehabilitation outcomes across populations. Future multidisciplinary work should develop explicit SDT-based theories, standardized measures, and integrated intervention pathways to optimize RTW trajectories and long-term employment outcomes.