Revascularization of Peripheral Arteries in Patients with Intermittent Claudication Decreases Inflammatory Biomarkers

Abstract

Patients with intermittent claudication have significantly higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers, particularly interleukins, which is also a consequence of exercise limitation. Physical activity, which is one of the preventive measures against atherosclerosis, is associated with a decrease in inflammatory biomarkers. Therefore, in our study, we investigated the effects of revascularization of peripheral arteries in patients with intermittent claudication on functional capacity and levels of inflammatory markers. The study included 26 patients with intermittent claudication who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Before the procedure and 2–4 months after successful revascularization, the ankle-brachial index (ABI), functional capacity using the treadmill test, and the walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ) were determined. Inflammatory biomarkers were also measured before and after procedures. Successful revascularization was associated with an increase in intermittent claudication: 120 (20–315) versus 300 (100–1000 m), P < 0.001. Treadmill testing showed a significant increase in initial and maximal walking distance. After revascularization, ABI increased significantly (0.55 vs 0.82, P < 0.003). Improvement in functional performance was also demonstrated by WIQ. Two to three months after revascularization, some inflammatory biomarkers decreased significantly: fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) also did not decrease significantly. The levels of some inflammatory markers: IL-6, TNFα, and fibrinogen were significantly related to the improvement in patients’ functional capacity. The results of our study show that successful revascularization of the lower limb arteries not only improves the functional capacity of patients with intermittent claudication, but also reduces the systemic inflammatory response and may have a preventive effect on local and concomitant other atherosclerotic diseases.