Effects of Strength and Speed Training Programs on Physical Performance Variables in Futsal Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Objectives: The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effects of training programs on different parameters of physical performance in futsal players. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and SportDiscus databases. The search was conducted for the studies published between 2014 and 2024, and 13 studies were selected that met the inclusion criteria. The random-effects model with inverse variance weighting was used for the meta-analysis. Effect sizes (ES) were reported as standardized mean differences and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The effects of such programs showed a primary small effect size for vertical jump (ES = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.64; Z = 2.76; p = 0.01); for sprints ≤ 15 m (ES = −0.55; 95% CI = −0.81, −0.29; Z = 4.15; p < 0.01); for sprints ≥ 20 m (ES = −0.56; 95% CI = −0.87, −0.24; Z = 3.49; p < 0.01); for repeated sprint ability (RSA) mean (ES = −0.33; 95% CI = −0.61, −0.05; Z = 2.34; p = 0.02); and for RSA % decrement (ES = −0.38; 95% CI = −0.74, −0.02; Z = 2.06; p = 0.04). However, most included studies were based on pre–post designs without a control group, and additional analyses with control groups showed smaller or non-significant effects. Conclusions: The results indicate that training programs incorporating methods such as strength training, plyometrics, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improve performance in vertical jump, short- and long-sprint speed, and RSA scores. These findings highlight the importance of developing evidence-based interventions to maximize physical performance in futsal players.