Rac, a small guanosine triphosphate-binding protein, and p21-activated kinase are activated during platelet spreading on collagen-coated surfaces: Roles of integrin α2β1

Abstract

In this study, the receptors and signals involved in collagen-induced platelet spreading were examined. It was found that platelet spreading on collagen (presenting a polygon shape with a number of filopodialike projections) was inhibited by the anti-integrin α2 antibody, suggesting the involvement of integrin α2β1 in this process. Studies with a glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein that binds specifically to activated Rac and in vitro p21-activated kinase (PAK) kinase assays revealed that Rac and PAK were activated during this collagen-activated process. Platelet spreading on collagen-coated surfaces was inhibited strongly by PP1 (a Src family kinase inhibitor) or weakly by wortmannin (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3-kinase] inhibitor) but not at all by Y-27632 (a Rho kinase inhibitor). The surfaces coated with anti-integrin α2β1 antibodies also induced platelet spreading (presenting an almost complete round shape) and activation of Rac and PAK, although more slowly than collagen-coated surfaces. The antibody-induced responses were strongly inhibited by PP1 or wortmannin but not by Y-27632. The same concentration of Y-27632 inhibited collagen-induced shape change of platelets in suspension. These findings suggest that Rac and/or PAK activation, but not Rho, may play certain roles in platelet spreading via integrin α2β1 and that Src family kinases and PI3-kinase participate in these processes. Furthermore, the difference between spreading on collagen and the anti-integrin antibody suggests the involvement of other receptor(s) (in addition to the integrin α2β1 for collagen-induced spreading, the most likely candidate being glycoprotein VI. © 2001 by The American Society of Hematology.