Effects of Semaglutide on Glycemic Control and Body Weight in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Primary Care Setting

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of semaglutide (Ozempic) on glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes in a primary care setting. Additionally, the rate of discontinuation due to adverse effects was assessed. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a primary healthcare clinic in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data were extracted using BestCare, an interactive electronic health record system. The study included 238 adult patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated subcutaneous semaglutide at a starting dose of 0.25 mg and continued therapy for at least six months. Patients who were pregnant, lactating, or younger than 18 years were excluded. The primary outcomes were changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight. RESULTS: Among patients who adhered to the treatment regimen, maintained a healthy diet, and exercised regularly, significant reductions were observed in both HbA1c (from 8.2±1.54% to 6.9±1.44%; p=0.001) and weight (from 97 kg to 89.2 kg; p<0.001). However, 25.2% of patients discontinued semaglutide due to adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Semaglutide is effective in improving glycemic control and promoting weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly when combined with lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise. Nonetheless, the potential for adverse effects may limit long-term adherence in a subset of patients.