Comparison of Topical Silymarin with Hydroquinone in the Treatment of Melasma

Abstract

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical silymarin 0.7% with topical hydroquinone 4% in the treatment of melasma. Place and Duration: This Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted at the dermatology OPD of Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Bara Kahu, Islamabad, for a period of one year from April 2020 to April 2021. Materials and Methods: Female patients having melasma were included in the study. The severity of melasma was assessed using the MASI score. Group A was treated with silymarin 0.7% cream and group B was treated with topical hydroquinone 4% cream. Treatment was given for 3 months and was followed up for the next 3 months to observe relapse. Clinical efficacy was assessed in terms of the percent reduction in MASI score from baseline. Results: The mean age in group A (Silymarin 0.7%) was 35.13 ± 3.87 and in group B (Hydroquinone 4%) was 34.16 ± 3.90. Epidermal type of melasma was most common (76.8% vs 62.5%) in both groups. There was no significant (p-value > 0.05) difference between both groups after one and two months of treatment but the mean MASI score of the Hydroquinone 4% group (10.59 ± 5.74) became significantly (p-value < 0.05) less than Silymarin 0.7% group (8.20 ± 4.41) after 3 months. Similar (p-value > 0.05) therapeutic response was observed after one and two months of treatment but it became significantly better in Hydroquinone 4% group after three months of treatment. Significantly (P-value < 0.05) higher adverse effects were detected in patients treated with hydroquinone. There was no significant difference (P-value > 0.05) in recurrence rate and patients satisfaction between both groups. Conclusion: Topical silymarin has comparable efficacy for the treatment of melasma with comparatively very less adverse effects as compared to hydroquinone.