Glycated hemoglobin and risk of sternal wound infection after isolated coronary surgery

Abstract

Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a suspected risk factor for sternal wound infection (SWI) after CABG. Methods and Results: Data on preoperative HbA1c and SWI were available in 2,130 patients undergoing isolated CABG from the prospective E-CABG registry. SWI occurred in 114 (5.4%). Baseline HbA1c was significantly higher in patients with SWI (mean, 54±17 vs. 45±13 mmol/mol, P<0.0001). This difference was also observed in patients without a diagnosis of diabetes (P=0.027), in insulin-dependent diabetic (P=0.023) and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients (P=0.034). In the overall series, HbA1c >70 mmol/mol (NGSP units, 8.6%) was associated with the highest risk of SWI (20.6% vs. 4.6%; adjusted OR, 5.01; 95% CI: 2.47–10.15). When dichotomized according to the cut-off 53 mmol/mol (NGSP units, 7.0%) as suggested both for diagnosis and optimal glycemic control of diabetes, HbA1c was associated with increased risk of SWI in the overall series (10.6% vs. 3.9%; adjusted OR, 2.09; 95% CI: 1.24–3.52), in diabetic patients (11.7% vs. 5.1%; adjusted OR, 2.69; 95% CI: 1.38–5.25), in patients undergoing elective surgery (9.9% vs. 2.7%; adjusted OR, 2.09; 95% CI: 1.24–3.52) and in patients with bilateral mammary artery grafts (13.7% vs. 4.8%; adjusted OR, 2.35; 95% CI: 1.17–4.69). Conclusions: Screening for HbA1c before CABG may identify untreated diabetic patients, as well as diabetic patients with suboptimal glycemic control, at high risk of SWI.