The Bell Pattern: A Novel Breast Incision Approach to Skin-Reducing Mastectomies

Abstract

BACKGROUND As immediate direct to permanent implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) continues to gain in popularity, surgeons seek to apply these techniques to patients with large or ptotic breasts. A new bell pattern skin excision is described and limits major complications in this high-risk population. OBJECTIVE The authors describe a novel skin excision pattern for patients with large or ptotic breasts who desire IBBR and assess its safety. The authors also evaluated the ability of the pattern to account for intraoperative developments. METHODS This retrospective analysis of a single surgeon's experience included 17 consecutive patients (31 breasts) with large or ptotic breasts undergoing skin-reducing mastectomy with attempted utilization of the bell pattern approach and IBBR with acellular dermal matrix. RESULTS Mean age was 50 years, mean body mass index was 27.4 kg/m2, and mean breast specimen weight was 683 g. A bell pattern excision was planned for all breasts preoperatively. Three breasts (10%) required an alternative closure pattern due to intraoperative ischemia (n = 1), or additional oncologic resection (n = 2). The pattern successfully accommodated flap ischemia in 8 (26%) other breasts. After a median follow-up of 5.1 months, the number of bell pattern breasts with major and minor complications was 0 (0%) and 9 (32%), respectively. The most common minor complication was seroma (n = 5, 18%), and minor incision wound (n = 3, 11%). There were no reconstruction failures utilizing the bell pattern. CONCLUSION The bell pattern approach is a safe and adaptable alternative to traditional skin-reducing mastectomy in patients with large or ptotic breasts.