Antioxidant Profile of Heartwood and Sapwood of Caesalpinia sappan L. Tree's Part Grown in Imogiri Nature Preserve, Yogyakarta

Abstract

The usage of natural antioxidant from medicinal plants has been grown recently. One of them is wood of Caesalpinia sappan L. In community usage, the tree would be cut down to in order to get the wood. The extensive usage might lead to the extinction of C. sappan wood because it grows wildly. This research aims to investigate antioxidant profile of each wood parts of C. sappan grown in Imogiri Nature Preserve Yogyakarta. Wood were collected based on the main, middle, and branch of tree. Each wood was separated into heartwood and sapwood part. The collected wood material was macerated using ethanol 50%. The extracts were investigated for their phytochemistry content qualitatively. The antioxidant profile was obtained based on their DPPH radical scavenging activity and Folin-Ciocalteau phenolic content. The result showed all wood part contained alkaloid, tannin and saponin. Triterpenoid and flavonoid were found in wood part except for branch sapwood. Total phenolic content of C. sappan wood was in the range from 443,20 ± 8,87 to 885,12 ± 11,56 mg GAE/100 g dry extracts. All the wood part resulted very strong antioxidant activity based on the IC50 value (< 50 ppm) range from 7.1 to 24.4 ppm. These results of this study showed that in order to use the C. sappan wood as natural antioxidant agent sustainably, there is no need to cut down all the C. sappan tree. This study has demonstrated, for the first time, that wood part of C. sappan has very strong antioxidant activity, even in branch sapwood part.