Development of a Multi-Dimensional Parametric Model with Non-Pharmacological Policies for Predicting the COVID-19 Pandemic Casualties

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread the world resulting in detrimental effects on human health, lives, societies, and economies. The state authorities mostly take non-pharmacological actions against the outbreak since there are no confirmed vaccines or treatments yet. In this paper, we developed Suspicious-Infected-Death with Non-Pharmacological policies (SpID-N) model to analyze the properties of the COVID-19 casualties and also estimate the future behavior of the outbreak. We can state the key contributions of the paper with three folds. Firstly, we propose the SpID-N model covering the higher-order internal dynamics which cause the peaks in the casualties. Secondly, we parametrize the non-pharmacological policies such as the curfews on people with chronic disease, people age over 65, people age under 20, restrictions on the weekends and holidays, and closure of the schools and universities. Thirdly, we explicitly incorporate the internal and coupled dynamics of the model with these multi-dimensional non-pharmacological policies. The corresponding higher-order and strongly coupled model has utterly unknown parameters and we construct a batch type Least Square (LS) based optimization algorithm to learn these unknown parameters from the available data. The parametric model and the predicted future casualties are analyzed extensively.