Arsenic contaminated groundwater in China and its treatment options, a review

Abstract

A high concentration of arsenic in groundwater is a worldwide problem, high concentration of arsenic in groundwater has been documented as a major health issue around the globe. According to WHO standard, the maximum contamination level for total arsenic in water is 10 µg/L. China is one of the most affected country facing health issues because of arsenic contamination in groundwater that is often greater than established limits for human health. Although arsenic is present in several geographical regions in mainland China, Northern China has been identified as high-risk area. It has been estimated that 19.6 million people are at risk of being exposed to arsenic contaminated groundwater - especially rural areas, as those communities use groundwater for drinking water and household chores. To overcome the aforementioned problem, it is important to know the actual concentration level of arsenic in China and introduce a strategy to remove arsenic contamination. This paper provides a comprehensive overview on arsenic contamination status, sources and exposure pathways in China. It also aims to review the arsenic removal technologies which are easily available. Furthermore, it can be a useful resource for researchers as well as policy makers to identify and investigate useful treatment options.