Oxidatively induced exposure of active surface area during microwave assisted formation of Pt3Co nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction

Abstract

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the rate-limiting reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, can efficiently be facilitated by properly manufactured platinum catalysts alloyed with late 3d transition metals. Herein we synthesize a platinum:cobalt nanoparticulate catalyst with a 3:1 atomic ratio by reduction of a dry metalorganic precursor blend within a commercial household microwave oven. The formed nanoparticles are simultaneously anchored to a carbon black support that enables large Pt surface area. Two separate microwave treatment steps were employed, where step one constitutes a fast oxidative treatment for revealing active surface area while a reductive secondary annealing treatment promotes a Pt rich surface. The resulting Pt3Co/C catalyst (∼3.4 nm) demonstrates an enhanced ORR activity directly attributed to incorporated Co with a specific and mass activity of 704 μA cmPt-2 and 352 A gPt-1 corresponding to an increase by 279% and 66% respectively compared to a commercial Pt/C (∼1.8 nm) catalyst measured under identical conditions. The method's simplicity, scalability and novelty is expected to further assist in Pt-Co development and bring the catalyst one step closer toward commercialization and utility in fuel cells.