Designing New Indene-Fullerene Derivatives as Electron-Transporting Materials for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of a family of indene-C60 adducts obtained via Diels–Alder cycloaddition [4 + 2] are reported. The new C60 derivatives include indenes with a variety of functional groups. These adducts show lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels to be at the right position to consider these compounds as electron-transporting materials for planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. Selected derivatives were applied into inverted (p–i–n configuration) perovskite device architectures, fabricated on flexible polymer substrates, with large active areas (1 cm2). The highest power conversion efficiency, reaching 13.61%, was obtained for the 6′-acetamido-1′,4′-dihydro-naphtho[2′,3′:1,2][5,6]fullerene-C60 (NHAc-ICMA). Spectroscopic characterization was applied to visualize possible passivation effects of the perovskite’s surface induced by these adducts.