Root caries: Update on a pathology of growing interest

Abstract

Root caries is a dynamic process of localized destruction of the root surfaces, dependent on the biofilm. Its pathology mainly affects the elderly toothed population with exposed root surfaces and disrupts their quality of life. Vulnerabilities and multimorbidities, frequent in this age group, limit oral self-care and are criteria to be considered in understanding and managing the disease. The root caries lesions diagnosis implies knowledge about the healthy root structure, indicators or risk factors, caries lesions development mechanism, and the detection and assessment criteria. The correct selection of caries risk and management options preserving tooth structure shows the understanding of root caries. The root caries represents a challenge for academia, health systems, dental practice, and the population because its indicators are increasing related to aging population and greater conservation of natural teeth. This review aimed to present the state of the current understanding of root caries. Eighty-one papers published between 1971 and 2021 were included. This considered root embryogenesis; the current understanding of root caries, its prevalence and etiopathogenesis; characteristics of the lesions; diagnosis, and care proposals both at the individual risk level, and at the lesions level. This update is relevant due to the risk that the increasing presence of this pathology carries, together with its consequences. The statement of its state of the art suggests areas of research.