Historical Review on VTT Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil Production and Upgrading

Abstract

The review summarizes VTT fast pyrolysis development efforts from the past 40 years. The experimental work has included a large variety of feedstocks (biomasses, wastes, oil shale, and plastic residues) and a variety of products (heating oils, refinery feeds, transportation fuels, and chemicals). As a result of the constant turbulence on fossil oil prices and changing regulatory framework, only a few renewable product alternatives are economically competitive. Plastic wastes appear to offer currently the most promising industrial opportunities.