Method of cleaning from the carbon deposits of the surfaces of the elements of internal-combustion engines without their unbuttoning

Abstract

A review of existing technologies for cleaning carbon deposits from machine parts and mechanisms working in contact with hydrocarbon substances (fuel, lubricant, heating agency) at a wall temperature of 120 C to 350 C shows the diversity of such deposits in chemical composition and physical properties. Carbon deposits are divided into easily removable and difficult to remove deposits. Soot (smoke black) belongs to easily removed carbon deposits; varnish and coke are difficult to remove deposits. Soot is a product of incomplete combustion of fuel and includes carbon, light hydrocarbons (up to 30% by weight) and in small quantities various compounds, including carcinogenic. Lake and resinous deposits are carbon deposits that form as a thin layer, firmly held on the surfaces of the channels. Lake is a product of liquid-phase oxidation and consists of 20 ... 40% of carbon molecules and 60 ... 70% of hydrogen molecules. Coke (or coke deposits) are black solid carbonaceous substances consisting mainly of a mixture of carbon molecules and high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (80%) and hydrogen molecules (20%). The most common methods of cleaning machine parts from various kinds of pollution and sediments are physical, chemical and chemical-thermal methods. Experimental work has been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. The experiments were carried out on an open loop installation with a flow reactor. Replaceable stainless steel and high-temperature alloy tubes were used as a reactor. The regime parameters during the experiment were maintained unchanged, and the temperature state of the reactor was monitored at specified intervals.