Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease: Update and Practical Clinical Applications

Abstract

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an injury to the kidney as a result of exposure to intravascular iodinated contrast medium. It represents an increasing health care burden and challenge as the frequency of diagnostic imaging and interventional studies increase, particularly among populations at risk of developing CIN. As the population ages, decreased renal function and increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease become more prevalent. An increasing incidence of obesity with resultant metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus also increases the population at risk for CIN (Toprak et al., 2006). Coronary artery disease is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus often require coronary angiography and coronary intervention and are at risk of CIN.