Advances and Clinical Applications of Testicular Prostheses

Abstract

The absence of a testicle can cause significant physical and psychological trauma in men. Testicular prosthesis implantation, as a critical treatment option, not only restores the normal appearance of the scrotum but also significantly improves patients’ quality of life. This paper reviews the historical development, material evolution, and current clinical applications of testicular prostheses and explores future trends. Continuous advancements in the materials and manufacturing processes of conventional testicular prostheses have gradually improved their biocompatibility and patient satisfaction. The application of tissue engineering and 3D printing technologies introduces new possibilities for the customization and functionalization of testicular prostheses. Although current testicular prostheses primarily aim to restore appearance, future functional prostheses with controlled testosterone release may reduce patients’ dependence on exogenous testosterone supplementation. This review also discusses in detail the indications for testicular prosthesis implantation, the selection of surgical timing, and perioperative management, providing valuable references for clinical practice.