Pendidikan Islam Dalam Sistem Demokrasi Terpimpin: Tantangan Ideologis Dan Adaptasi

Abstract

The Guided Democracy period (1959–1965) was a crucial phase in Indonesia's political history that significantly influenced the development of the national education system, including Islamic education. This article examines the dynamics of Islamic education during this era by focusing on three main aspects: the condition of Islamic education at the time, the ideological challenges it faced, and the adaptation strategies employed by Islamic educational institutions. Under President Soekarno’s leadership, which emphasized centralized power and the unification of national ideology, Islamic educational institutions—traditionally independent and religiously based faced increasing pressure. The ideological tensions among nationalist, communist, and Islamic groups posed major obstacles to the autonomy and continuity of Islamic education. Nevertheless, these institutions managed to adapt both institutionally and in terms of curriculum to remain relevant and sustainable. This study aims to explore how Islamic education endured ideological pressure and adjusted to an authoritarian yet nationalistic political system.