Effect of alcohol consumption during antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1 replication: Role of Cytochrome P3A4 enzyme

Abstract

Alcohol consumption is prevalent in HIV/AIDS infected patients. It possesses serious effects on protease inhibitors (PIs), which are used as an antiviral drug. While taking PIs, the secretion of Cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes occurs from the liver and it metabolizes the drug to CYP3A4-PI complex. Alcohol consumption increases the rate of metabolism of PIs. In this research article, we have formulated a set of nonlinear differential equations based on the enzymatic activity of CYP3A4 for alcoholic HIV infected patients. Here, we have analytically compared the dynamics of PIs metabolism between alcoholic and non-alcoholic HIV infected patients and also investigated how the infection is being accelerated by enhancing viral load due to alcohol consumption. Finally, our analytical results are verified by numerical findings.