Protective immunity and vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis

Abstract

Although a great deal of knowledge has been gained from studies on the immunobiol- ogy of leishmaniasis, there is still no universally acceptable, safe, and effective vaccine against the disease. This strongly suggests that we still do not completely understand the factors that control and/or regulate the development and sustenance of anti-Leishmania immunity, particularly those associated with secondary (memory) immunity. Such an under- standing is critically important for designing safe, effective, and universally acceptable vaccine against the disease. Here we review the literature on the correlate of protec- tive anti-Leishmania immunity and vaccination strategies against leishmaniasis with a bias emphasis on experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. © 2012 Okwor, Mou, Liu and Uzonna.