Litiasis Urinaria en Pediatría

Abstract

Paediatric urolithiasis is poorly documented in Chile. To evaluate the epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of this pathology, a prospective study was designed, which included hospital admissions and outpatient care of lithiasis in the Hospital of the Catholic University. A card was used with the patients identification, family history, clinical and laboratory data and treatment. From January 1997 to December 2000, 52 children were included in the protocol, with a mean age of 8 years (range 2 mths to 16yrs 5mths), 26 (50%) were girls. 50% had a family history of urolithiasis. The symptoms and signs at presentation were: abdominal pain in 23 (44%), hematuria in 21 (40%), fever in 13 (25%), stone elimination in 11 (21%), vomiting in 11 (21%), urinary infection in 9 (17%) and as an unexpected finding in 9 (17%). During the study period the admission rate for lithiasis was 1.6/1 000 admissions. Of the children studied 12 (23%) had urinary malformations, the most frequent being; double pelvicalyceal system (4), pyeloureteral stenosis (2) and vesicoureteral reflux (2). 14 (37%) patients had metabolic alterations, of which 11 (79%) had idiopathic hypercalciuria. In 4 patients lithiasis occurred during prolonged immobilization. 13 patients (25%) had a biochemical analisis of the calculus, all of them included calcium oxalate, either pure or in its mixed form.