Effects of stand age on agronomic, morphological and chemical characteristics of alfalfa

Abstract

Iroquois alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was seeded every spring from 1978 to 1988, and the established stands were maintained until the fall of 1988. Agronomic, morphological and chemical characteristics of the stands were compared among different age groups. A drastic reduction of alfalfa population occurred in the seeding year and during the first winter. There were about 40 plants m −2 in the 2nd yr which gradually decreased to 25 plants m −2 in the 8th yr, and between 12 and 24 plants m −2 in the 10th yr. There were more grass weeds in older stands. Total dry matter yield of forage, including weeds, did not decrease significantly with age of alfalfa stand Alfalfa yield, however, decreased with age, and the reduction in older stands was more evident in cut 1 than cut 2. There was little or no difference in cold hardiness among different stand ages in postseeding years. Root development pattern changed from vertical extension in the seeding year to lateral development of branched roots in postseeding years. Shoot number, crown diameter, crown decay taproot diameter, root depth, and number and spread of branched roots were associated with aging. Concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in the crown and roots decreased slightly with age. In the root, concentrations of K, Ca, B, and Fe increased, and Ca was most closely associated with age. No significant association of P, Mg, S, Mn, Cu, or Zn with age was found. Concentrations of minerals in the crown did not change with age, except B which increased slightly. Key words: Medicago sativa L., persistence, longevity, plant density, yield, minerals