The use of algae for environmental sustainability: trends and future prospects

Abstract

Algae are photosynthetic prokaryotic or eukaryotic ubiquitously found group of organisms. Their enormous potentiality in coping up with various environmental crises has been well documented. Algae have proven to be ideal for biomonitoring of water pollution and help in removing the pollutants with their process of bioremediation apart from the production of eco-friendly sources of energy. Industries like food and pharmaceuticals are exploiting algae for producing several value-added products. The agricultural sector is also highly benefited from microalgae, as they are the good promoters of crop growth. The CO2-removing potential of algae proves to be an asset in fighting climate change. Moreover, the relatively easy and inexpensive methods of sampling and culturing of algae make them more popular. In this paper, we review the sustainable application aspects of algae in various areas like pollution control, energy production, agriculture, and fighting climate change. Critical discussions have been made on the recent trends and advances of algal technologies indicating future prospects.