Knowledge of retinopathy of prematurity among pediatricians in King Abdulaziz University hospital in Jeddah: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vasoproliferative disorder that affects preterm infants. ROP is a cause of preventable blindness in both developed and developing countries. Pediatricians play a major role in the early detection of ROP, which leads to better overall outcomes for these infants. However, various studies in the literature have reported poor knowledge of the risk factors, prevention, screening, and treatment modalities of ROP among pediatricians. Hence, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of ROP among pediatricians in Jeddah. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study performed among 66 pediatricians at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed, and data were collected from March 2022 to October 2022. The questionnaire included sex, level of training, years of practice, and questions that assessed pediatricians’ knowledge of the risk factors for ROP, screening guidelines, referral facilities, and barriers to referral. Results: Sixty-six pediatricians were included in this study. The cohort showed an equal distribution of males and females (50% each). All of the participants knew that ROP affects the retina (100%). Furthermore, the majority knew that screening should be performed by an ophthalmologist (89.4%), were aware of the risk factors (87.9%), knew that ROP is treatable (90%), and knew that ROP is preventable (70%), and some reported facing obstacles when consulting ophthalmologists (10%). The lack of knowledge was more prevalent among junior residents (56.5%) than among consultants (6%). Conclusion: This is the first study in the western region of Saudi Arabia to assess the knowledge of ROP among pediatricians. The results showed that a lack of knowledge of screening guidelines and service delivery for ROP exists among pediatricians. Hence, awareness of ROP among pediatricians should be raised since pediatricians play a pivotal role in the early detection of ROP.