Is Methamphetamine-Linked Cardiomyopathy an Emerging Epidemic for New Generation?

Abstract

The use of methamphetamines is growing worldwide with cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Long-term use of methamphetamines is associated with malignant hypertension, myocardial ischemia, pulmonary hypertension, and methamphetamines-associated cardiomyopathy. These effects are noted to be dose-dependent and potentially reversible with discontinuation of methamphetamines in the early stages when there is limited or no myocardial fibrosis. This review aims to (1) summarize the available data from epidemiologic studies, (2) describe pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical presentation, (3) Management of methamphetamines induced cardiomyopathy and potential complications associated with it, and (4) Strategies to reduce methamphetamines abuse and related hospitalization.