Using teleseismic backprojection and InSAR to obtain segmentation information for large earthquakes: a case study of the 2016 Mw6.6 Muji earthquake

Abstract

A good understanding of earthquake rupture segmentation is important to characterize fault geometries at depth for follow-up tectonic, stress-field or other analyses. We propose a data-driven strategy and develop pre-optimization methods to support finite fault inversions with independent prior estimates on earthquake source parameters. The first method we develop is a time-domain, multi-array and novel multiphase backprojection (BP) of teleseismic data. This method infers the spatio-temporal evolution of the rupture process, including a potential occurrence of rupture segmentation. Secondly, we apply image analysis methods on InSAR surface displacement maps to infer rupture characteristics (e.g. strike and length) and the number of potential segments. Both methods can provide model-independent constraints on fault location, dimension, orientation and rupture timing, applicable to form priors of model parameters before detailed modelling. We demonstrate and test our methods based on synthetic tests and an application to the 25.11.2016 Muji Mw 6.6 earthquake. Our results indicate segmentation and bilateral rupturing for the 2016 Muji earthquake. The results of the BP of the Muji Mw 6.6 earthquake using high-frequency filtered teleseismic waveforms in particular shows the capability to illuminate the rupture history with the potential to resolve the start and stop phases of individual fault segments.