Review: Ammonia adsorbent development for white-shrimp ponds

Abstract

Ammonia is a harmful organic substance for aquaculture existence coming from high-protein foods that significantly enhances the growth of white-shrimp. The cultivation rate of artificial feed production increases the water-soluble ammonia load. Unfortunately, not all regional regulations adopt the Minister of Environment Regulation to limit ammonia levels to no more than 5 mg/L. Adsorption is an alternative solution to remove or reduce ammonia levels in liquid waste bodies. This study aims to describe the efficiency of ammonia absorption as a form of environmental management towards sustainable coastal resources, especially in hatchery of vannamei's. The points of the discussion are the technology used in the adsorbent pre-treatment strategy, laboratory scale, and field tests for the adsorption of water-soluble ammonia. Various types of adsorption materials were compared to determine the best physical and chemical properties to be used as biosorbent. Results of the review show that applying composite technology is able to absorb more ammonia compared to a single material. An important point are finding the right adsorption material and the number of times this material which can be used to adsorb ammonia material. this has an effect on the need for provision costs for waste management in the hatchery.