Factors Affecting Nausea, Vomiting in ist Trimester Pregnant Women: Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Nausea and vomiting is an discomfort felt during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. According to WHO, the incidence of nausea and vomiting is 1-3% of all pregnancies in Sweden, 0.5% in California, 0.8% in China, 0.9% in Norway, 2.2% in Pakistan, 1.9% in Turkey, in the United States the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women is 0.5%-2% and in Indonesia, 0.3%. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy are experienced in the morning until all the time, these symptoms are experienced between the ages of 6 weeks to 10 weeks. Nausea and vomiting accounts for 60-80% of primigravida and 40-60% of multigravida. 1-2% of all pregnant women experience severe nausea and vomiting. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors that influence nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester. Method: This research uses a literature review with a data base searched by PubMed, Publish or Perish and Google Scholar. The data taken were research articles from 2018-2023, with the keywords "pregnancy", "factors nausea and vomiting", "incidence of nausea and vomiting", "factors for nausea and vomiting", "pregnant women". Result: The results of the study found that factors influencing nausea and vomiting in trimester pregnant women were grades, anxiety (p=0.018), depression (p=0.022), age (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.87–0.94), parity p=0.003 and stress p-value 0.001. Conclusion: Factors that influence nausea and vomiting are anxiety, depression, age, parity and stress.