Hypertension in the older person: is age just a number?

Abstract

Older patients with hypertension are at a higher risk of cardiovascular events compared to younger adults but are also more vulnerable to the adverse effects of blood pressure (BP) lowering. Frailty is an important predictor of vulnerability to such adverse events, and age alone may not best reflect underlying risk. Therefore, an individualised approach to management of hypertension in the older person is required. Such an approach requires knowledge of frailty, the physiology of hypertension and ageing and a contextual understanding of best evidence. Management needs to be holistic and take account of the older person's care needs, wishes and priorities. This review describes physiological considerations and current guidelines and best practices regarding BP lowering in older people and highlights areas with paucity of evidence. A proposed and testable approach to managing hypertension in the older person (≥70 years) is discussed.