AIE-active polyelectrolyte based photosensitizers: The effects of structure on antibiotic-resistant bacterial sensing and killing and pollutant decomposition

Abstract

A facile and effective multifunctional platform with high bacterial detection sensitivity, good antibacterial activity, and excellent dye decomposition efficiency holds great promise for wastewater treatment. To explore the design rationality and mechanism of material platforms with various integrated components into a single molecule for wastewater treatment applications, herein, four kinds of polyelectrolyte photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent units are synthesized and systematically studied to investigate the structure-property relationship that influences the level of conjugation and the hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity balance. By improving the strength of the conjugation, the new AIE photosensitizersDBPVEs(includingDBPVE-4andDBPVE-6) generate a reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a decomposition efficiency of around 55% is obtained for dyes when they are exposed toDBPVEsunder white light irradiation, which is higher than those ofDBPEs(includingDBPE-4andDBPE-6). More importantly, owing to the longer and more flexible aliphatic chains ofDBPVE-6that facilitate efficient intercalation into cell membranes, the staining ability ofDBPVE-6for methicillin-resistantS. epidermidis(MRSE) is greatly enhanced as compared to that ofDBPVE-4. It should be noted that the antibacterial experiment indicates thatDBPVE-6displays potent toxicity to MRSE with 99.9% killing efficiency under white light irradiation. This work provides essential theoretical and experimental guidance on the designing of new photosensitizers for wastewater treatment.